FinPol Digest

  South Sudan’s already fragile peace deal is teetering on the brink as Vice President Riek Machar’s arrest sparks fears of renewed conflict . The government accuses Machar of conspiring with rebel factions, while his party, the SPLM-IO, demands his immediate release, warning that the country is dangerously close to another civil war. Yet, despite the escalating tensions, neither side seems willing to fully abandon the 2018 peace agreement — raising the question: Can South Sudan navigate this crisis without plunging back into violence? The arrest of Machar, a key architect of the 2018 peace deal, has sent shockwaves through the nation. President Salva Kiir’s government claims Machar was in contact with rebel commanders, allegedly plotting unrest ahead of planned elections. However, the SPLM-IO insists these accusations are politically motivated, arguing that Machar’s detention is an attempt to sideline the opposition. Information Minister Michael Makuei has tried to downplay fears ...

  A Nation’s Shield Against Chaos The Eastern African nation  Somalia relies on the National Army to battle against the continuing terrorist organization Al-Shabaab . The Somalian military force has fought for twenty years to bring back state government while keeping African and worldwide violence from spreading further. Through international backing the SNA developed from its divided status into a symbol of longitudinal strength encompassing 32,000 personnel made up of 19,000 active service members. The ongoing fight in Mogadishu requires international support to secure global stability due to terrorist dangers which threaten Africa as well as other continents. The Somali National Army conducted its major offensive after 2022 by retaking more than 200 settlements from the Al-Shabaab in Hiraan and Galmudug regions of central Somalia. The counterterrorism operations primarily depend on both Danab Brigade troops trained by the US (2,000 personnel strength) and Gorgor Battalions ...

  After nearly two years of brutal warfare, the Sudanese army is making decisive gains—but will it be enough to finally crush the Rapid Support Forces? The Sudanese military has announced a major breakthrough in the capital, Khartoum, claiming to have surrounded the airport and nearby areas while pushing the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) out of key neighborhoods. This marks a significant shift in a conflict that has ravaged the country since April 2023, leaving tens of thousands dead and millions displaced. Eyewitnesses report RSF fighters retreating from eastern Khartoum districts like Burri and Arkaweet, as well as southern strongholds such as Al-Azhari and Al-Sahafa. If these claims hold, it could signal the beginning of the end for the RSF’s dominance in the capital. The army’s latest control map reveals an expanding presence not just in Khartoum but also in White Nile and Kordofan states, regions that have seen fierce battles over the past year. The Sudan Shield Forc...

  The African Union (AU) made a decisive move on June 6, 2019, suspending Sudan from all AU activities  until a civilian-led transitional government was established. This bold decision came after months of political turmoil following the military coup on April 11, 2019, which ousted longtime leader Omar al-Bashir. The AU Peace and Security Council (PSC) emphasized that Sudan’s suspension was necessary to push for a democratic transition, signaling that the continent would no longer tolerate unconstitutional power grabs. But was this suspension a genuine step toward democracy, or just political posturing? The PSC’s decision was a direct response to the Transitional Military Council’s (TMC) failure to transfer power to civilian rule. Despite initial promises of a swift transition, the military continued to hold onto power, leading to violent crackdowns on pro-democracy protesters. The infamous June 3 massacre, where security forces killed over 100 demonstrators, was the final st...

  The ongoing war in Sudan has taken a dramatic turn with the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) recapturing key government buildings in Khartoum , including the presidential palace, from the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). These military gains are not only strategic but could also shift the balance of power in the capital in favor of the government. However, while Sudan’s government is making advances, the conflict is having dangerous ripple effects on its southern neighbor. South Sudan’s fragile coalition government has been thrown into turmoil after last week’s collapse of a crucial peace deal between President Salva Kiir and Vice President Riek Machar. With growing political instability and mounting violence, South Sudan now faces the terrifying prospect of another civil war. The dismissal of the governor of Upper Nile state by President Kiir has further aggravated tensions between his administration and Machar’s faction. Upper Nile has become a flashpoint for violence, as government forc...

  Sudan’s military has declared a significant victory in the ongoing conflict by retaking the Republican Palace in Khartoum, the symbolic heart of the nation’s government. This marks a major milestone in the nearly two-year-long war against the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), who had held the palace as their last stronghold in the capital. Videos circulating on social media show soldiers celebrating inside the compound, chanting “God is the greatest!” as they tread over broken tiles and debris. The palace, once a gleaming symbol of Sudanese sovereignty, now lies partly in ruins, a stark reminder of the devastation wrought by the conflict. The recapture of the Republican Palace is more than just a strategic win; it’s a deeply symbolic moment for Sudan’s military. The palace, immortalized on Sudanese banknotes and postage stamps, has long been a symbol of national pride and governance. Its fall to the RSF in 2023 was a blow to the military’s prestige, and its recapture signa...

  South Sudan’s fragile peace process is teetering on the edge of collapse as the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement in Opposition (SPLM-IO), a key party in the coalition government, announced its partial withdrawal from the 2018 peace agreement. The decision comes amid escalating tensions between First Vice President Riek Machar, leader of the SPLM-IO, and President Salva Kiir. The two leaders, whose rivalry has plagued South Sudan for years, are once again at odds, raising fears of a return to full-scale conflict. The immediate trigger for the SPLM-IO’s withdrawal was the arrest of several high-ranking party officials, including the petroleum minister and the deputy head of the army. These arrests followed clashes in Upper Nile state, where the White Army, an ethnic militia, forced government troops to withdraw from the town of Nasir. The government has accused the SPLM-IO of collaborating with the White Army, a claim the party vehemently denies. Oyet Nathaniel Pierino, the SPLM-...

  Germany has announced a major financial commitment to support Syria during its transitional phase, following the ousting of the Assad regime in December. In a significant humanitarian move, German Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock declared that Berlin would contribute an additional €300 million ($326 million) to aid Syrians. This pledge highlights Germany’s ongoing dedication to alleviating the suffering caused by years of war and political instability. However, rather than directly funding the newly established interim government, Germany intends to channel the aid through the United Nations and carefully selected organizations. This approach aims to ensure transparency, accountability, and effective distribution to those in dire need. A substantial portion of this financial assistance will be directed toward providing essential resources such as food, healthcare, and emergency shelters. With millions of Syrians facing extreme hardship due to ongoing conflict and displacement, ...

  The perilous journey of Sudanese refugees through Libya is a harrowing test of survival, where they navigate a landscape of abuse, forced labor, and exploitation. After escaping the horrors of war in Sudan, many find themselves trapped in an unending cycle of violence and suffering. Libya, torn apart by years of conflict, has become a dangerous transit hub, where armed groups, smugglers, and corrupt authorities exploit refugees at every turn. The path to safety resembles a game of ‘snakes and ladders,’ where every step forward can lead to devastating setbacks. Farid, a 17-year-old refugee from Sudan’s North Darfur state, fled after witnessing relentless airstrikes and massacres. He survived two days at sea on an overcrowded boat before being rescued by a German NGO. His journey through Libya was marked by unimaginable hardship. In Kufra, he was forced into labor under inhumane conditions, paid nothing, and threatened with being sold to rival militias. The region, controlled by ar...

  In a move that has sent shockwaves through the region, Sudan’s Ministry of Trade and Supply has officially announced the suspension of all imports from Kenya. This unprecedented decision comes as a direct response to Kenya’s recent hosting of the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in Nairobi last month. The announcement followed a critical Cabinet resolution that aimed to punish Kenya for allegedly facilitating RSF activities, which has only fueled the already tense situation in Sudan. This bold stance highlights the Sudanese government’s growing concerns about its national interests and security. The Sudanese government justified its decision by referencing Cabinet Resolution No. (129) of 2024, backed by the Sovereignty Council’s committee recommendations. These measures were explicitly designed to counter Kenya’s involvement with the RSF group. Sudan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs condemned the move, accusing Kenya of undermining Sudan’s sovereignty and interfering in its i...

  A violent civil war exploded in Sudan during April 2023 between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). Recent disclosures from Turkey confirm its direct involvement in this conflict through the operations of its major defense company Baykar. Evidence indicates that Turkish military equipment delivery programs have multiplied the battling intensity between opposing forces in Sudan despite Turkish claims to take a conciliatory role in Sudan. Evidence supports that Baykar facilitated a secret weapons transaction between its organization and Sudan. A Washington Post article from March 7, 2025 showed how Turkey's dominant defense company Baykar sent $120 million of drone vehicles along with warheads to Sudan's military forces during 2023. Baykar defended the transport of at least eight TB2 drones and 600 warheads through intermediaries to Sudanese military bases throughout the civil war period. Deployment of Bayraktar Drones in Khartoum Turkish manufac...

  The United Nations Security Council has issued a stark warning about the growing risk of further conflict in Sudan following a controversial move by the country’s paramilitary forces. The Rapid Support Forces (RSF), embroiled in a deadly war with the Sudanese army since April 2023, recently signed a charter with their allies to establish a “government of peace and unity” in areas under RSF control. This move has sparked international concern, with the Security Council declaring their “grave concern” over the formation of a parallel governing authority, fearing it will deepen the crisis and shatter Sudan’s fragile stability. The Security Council’s statement emphasized that the creation of a rival government could have devastating consequences. They warned it would “risk exacerbating the ongoing conflict in Sudan, fragmenting the country, and worsening an already dire humanitarian situation.” With the conflict already responsible for tens of thousands of deaths and the displacemen...

  Sudan’s Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and its allied groups have taken a significant step in reshaping the country’s political landscape by signing a transitional constitution . This move pushes them closer to establishing a parallel government amidst an ongoing two-year war with the army. The war has brought devastating consequences, including mass displacement, extreme hunger, and horrifying episodes of ethnically-charged violence and sexual abuse. Despite being on the defensive in recent conflicts, the RSF’s latest strategy appears to be a direct challenge to the army-led government, signaling a bold and controversial shift in Sudan’s struggle for control. The RSF’s move comes at a time of intense fighting, with both factions vying for dominance. On Tuesday, the RSF launched a long-range drone attack targeting the Merowe Dam, Sudan’s largest power generation station. This assault knocked out electricity in large parts of northern Sudan, amplifying the suffering of civilians. Mean...

  The war in Sudan has reached unimaginable depths of brutality, with the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) revealing that at least 221 children have been raped since the beginning of 2024 . Among the survivors, heartbreakingly, some were as young as just one year old. According to a report published on Tuesday, these horrific acts were carried out by armed men, with gender-based violence service providers documenting the cases across the war-torn North African nation. The war, which erupted in April 2023 between the Sudanese military and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces, has left the country grappling with unspeakable atrocities, including the rampant use of sexual violence as a weapon of war. Of the 221 documented cases, 66 percent of the survivors were girls, while the remaining victims were boys. Even more alarming, UNICEF identified 16 survivors below the age of five, including four toddlers barely a year old. The agency also recorded 77 additional cases of sexual a...

  Egypt stands firmly against attempts to establish a separate Sudanese administration because these actions endanger Sudan's national unity and its entire territory and self-rule. Egypt takes an audacious position against the recent Kenya charter signed by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) paramilitary and their allies that declares the control of "peace and unity" zones. Cairo's denial of the RSF's move to establish a parallel government emphasizes the urgent requirement to stop Sudan's ongoing partition because the country has fought against the RSF and Sudan's Army for about two years. The United Nations describes the Sudan conflict as producing one of the worst humanitarian disasters since recent times. The RSF's choice to form a separate government stands as an action that most people believe worsens the situation. On Sunday the Egyptian foreign ministry published a written declaration which denied support for any moves that would jeopardize Su...